Allergies: Symptoms, Reaction, Treatment & Management

Allergy, Intolerance, Or Sensitivity? Here's How To Tell The Difference

Food may be necessary for survival but that doesn't mean your body always reacts well to everything. There are a variety of ways your body can have a negative reaction to something you've eaten. Depending on the food, you can have an allergy, an intolerance, or a sensitivity. Since these issues can have different symptoms, it's important to know the difference and how to handle them. 

RELATED: 5 Allergy Relieving Foods

Is it a Food Allergy?

In a food allergy, your immune system reacts to something you've eaten. This reaction can be caused by even a small amount of the allergen. An allergic reaction can vary in severity and it's not uncommon for them to worsen if you keep eating the food that caused the problem. Some of the symptoms you can expect with a food allergy include hives, itching, eczema, tingling or itching in the mouth, wheezing, swelling in your face, lips, or mouth, nasal congestion, trouble breathing, dizziness, and lightheadedness.

Sometimes, an allergy is bad enough to cause a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylactic shock. In that case, you may experience constriction of the airways, swelling of the throat that makes breathing difficult, a severe drop in your blood pressure, a rapid pulse, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. 

You can develop an allergy to any food, but the most common ones are milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soybeans, and sesame. 

When it comes to food allergies, your best course of action is to avoid them entirely. Though it's possible to have a mild reaction to an allergy, you never know if your body might go into shock instead. Mild symptoms can often be managed with an antihistamine. For those who have more significant reactions, doctors recommend keeping an epi-pen with you at all times. Apart from learning how to use it effectively, you should teach those around you as well. An epi-pen can get your symptoms under control so you have enough time to get to the hospital. 

Finally, if you start having symptoms of anaphylactic shock, you need to go to the emergency room immediately as this can be fatal.

RELATED: Digestive Disorder? 5 Signs You're Missing

Is it a Food Intolerance?

If you have a food intolerance, it means that your body is unable or has trouble digesting certain foods. It's not usually life-threatening but it can make you feel terrible. The symptoms can appear within an hour or two after eating the offending food or ingredient. Some possible symptoms include stomach pain, passing gas, bloating, diarrhea, headache, nausea, constipation, joint pain, and fatigue. You may feel unwell for a few hours or even a few days.

The most common form of this condition is lactose intolerance. However, you can have an intolerance to gluten – found in bread and pasta, histamine – found in wine and cheese, caffeine, alcohol, sulfites – found in wine, beer, and cider, salicylates – found in some foods and vegetables, and monosodium glutamate (MSG).

While an intolerance isn't typically as serious as an allergy, it can be disruptive and sometimes painful. It's best to avoid foods that your body can't digest as you're not getting the nutrients from it and getting sick will affect how well you eat afterward. 

If you eat something that you didn't have an intolerance for previously or you weren't aware that the food contained the ingredient, the symptoms can usually be treated or managed with over-the-counter medications. 

Is it a Food Sensitivity?

Food sensitivities are a little trickier. These are usually described as your body having a reaction to something that you've eaten that is unrelated to an allergy or intolerance. Still, some of the symptoms can be similar. With a sensitivity, you may experience stomach pain, joint pain, rashes, fatigue, and brain fog. 

The foods that cause sensitivity can be the same as those that cause intolerances and allergies. However, the only way to be sure is to practice what doctors call an elimination diet where you remove certain foods one at a time to discover what's causing your symptoms. Once you know the culprit, you can avoid it. 

Generally, the symptoms can be treated with over-the-counter medication. 

How This Affects Black People

Interestingly, statistics show that Black Americans are more likely to have food allergies than other ethnicities. They're also prone to having multiple food allergies at the same time. The most common ones in Black people tend to be milk, fish, and seafood. While the root of this predisposition to food allergies can be affected by different factors, research suggests that they're linked to other health issues.

For example, Black Americans have a high chance of being diagnosed with asthma and this condition is linked to food allergies as well. In one study of Black children, those who had a food allergy also had asthma or eczema.

With intolerances, the data available isn't as comprehensive, and more research needs to be done. However, studies have shown that up to 65 percent of Black Americans may be lactose intolerant. Black people also have a higher rate of gluten intolerance than other ethnicities. Their reactions to other foods haven't been studied as well, though.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes having an allergy or intolerance can get complicated. If you've been having symptoms of either condition and can't pinpoint what's causing it, you should ask your doctor about being officially tested. You can also talk to them about it if your symptoms don't respond well to over-the-counter medications or keep getting worse each time you're exposed to the food in question. This can involve exposing you to different allergens in a controlled environment to determine what's going on. Once you've been diagnosed, it will be easier for your doctor to guide you on the right course of treatment. 

Allergies, intolerances, and sensitivities aren't interchangeable. You need to know which ones are merely a nuisance and which can be fatal. If you're experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, your best bet is to keep track of what you've eaten so you can avoid the food that caused the problem. If things get worse, you should see a doctor so you can be treated.

5 Tips To Manage Winter Allergies

Instead of hitting the snooze button and snuggling under your blankets, take charge of your health and exercise indoors, advises Dr Manjusha Agarwal.

You can post your health-related questions to rediffGURUS HERE.

Kindly note the image has been posted only for representational purposes. Photograph: Kind courtesy Towfiqu barbhuiya/Pexels.Com

Cough. Congestion. Allergies.

The winter months bring along a plethora of health challenges for people of all age groups including children, adults, pregnant women, senior citizens and those with weakened immunity.

The drop in temperature can take a toll on your immune system, making you prone to infections like the flu, colds and other illnesses.

The cold weather can also cause sluggishness due to a lack of sunlight. This, in turn, can cause mood swings and lower energy levels.

If you stay in a place where the temperature dips below 10 degrees, it raises the chances of respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), nasal congestion, cold, cough and sore throat.

If you are working in or travelling to colder places, you might experience joint pain, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal problems, skin problems including dry and itchy skin, inflammation, redness, eczema, psoriasis flare-ups, dermatitis and allergic reactions.

Some people also suffer from heart attacks or strokes.

Prevention and timely care is extremely crucial to protect your health in lower temperatures. Do not neglect any abnormal changes in the body.

Always keep numbers of emergency services on your speed dial.

The focus should be following healthy habits and consuming nutritious foods to stay warm, boost your immune system and keep infections at bay.

Follow these five healthy habits:

1. Don't miss out on vitamin C-rich foods

It is a no-brainer that the cold weather aids bacteria, germs and viruses that cause colds and flu and give you a tough time.

You should make sure that the food you eat boosts your immunity.

Having an ideal amount of vitamin C in your diet will help increase the production of white blood cells that act as a shield when it comes to tackling any infections so make sure you're having citrus fruits.

Ginger and garlic are loaded with antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties that help the body fight infections.

Dark green leafy vegetables -- spinach and kale for example -- contain antioxidants and vitamins A and C that are required to boost your immunity.

Nuts and seeds like almonds, walnuts, sunflower seeds and pumpkin seeds are packed with vitamin E.

Stay away from junk, spicy, oily, canned and processed foods to keep the heart healthy.

2. Ensure proper hydration

When it is cold, many people end up drinking less water and hence suffer from dehydration. This could damage your kidneys and invite a host of other health problems so try to increase your fluid intake.

You can sip on a warm cup of herbal tea -- peppermint, chamomile, ginger -- soups, broths or munch on water-rich foods such as cucumbers and watermelon.

Try to avoid excessive consumption of sodas, colas and caffeine.

3. Stay active even during the colder days

You will be tempted to stay under the blanket when the weather outside is cold. Instead, take charge of your health and exercise indoors to enhance your mood, improve your blood circulation, strengthen your muscles, manage joint pain, maintain optimum weight and boost your immune system.

Try walking, yoga, gymming or Pilates. Dress warmly, and exercise for about 30 minutes a day.

4. Sleep well

Did you know sleeping for a minimum of 8 to 9 hours daily can help boost immunity?

Make sure to create a cosy sleep environment in the bedroom.

Use a warm blanket and avoid screen time just before hitting the sack.

5. Pay attention to the skin 

Use moisturiser and sunscreen to protect your skin and keep it soft and supple.

Don't ignore skin problems like acne, breakouts or rashes; check with your doctor.

Dr Manjusha Agarwal is a senior consultant-internal medicine at Gleneagles Hospital, Parel, Mumbai.

You can post your health-related questions to rediffGURUS HERE.

Disclaimer: All content and media herein is written and published online for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. It should not be relied on as your only source for advice.

Please always seek the guidance of your doctor or a qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. Do not ever disregard the advice of a medical professional, or delay in seeking it because of something you have read herein.

If you believe you may have a medical or mental health emergency, please call your doctor, go to the nearest hospital, or call emergency services or emergency helplines immediately. If you choose to rely on any information provided herein, you do so solely at your own risk.

Natural Remedies For Seasonal Allergies: How To Soothe Your Symptoms Naturally

Have you ever found yourself sneezing uncontrollably or rubbing your itchy eyes when the seasons change? Seasonal allergies can be a hassle, making it tough to enjoy the beauty of spring or fall. Pollen, mould, and other environmental factors can lead to sneezing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose. If you're looking for a more holistic approach to managing your allergies, keep reading. In this article, we list simple, effective ways to ease your seasonal allergy symptoms without relying on pharmaceutical treatments.

1. Local Honey

Local honey is commonly used as a natural treatment for seasonal allergies. The idea is that local honey includes small traces of pollen from your surroundings. You may slowly develop a tolerance to the pollen that causes your allergies by regularly consuming small amounts. This method, often called 'oral immunotherapy,' assists your immune system in becoming less reactive to these allergens.

A 2013 study found that Tualang honey significantly improved allergy symptoms in people with rhinitis, with continued relief even after stopping antihistamines, while the placebo group saw worsening symptoms.

2. Nasal Irrigation with Saline Solution

Nasal irrigation, also known as a neti pot, is a natural way to relieve nasal congestion caused by allergies. A 2023 study suggests that saline nasal irrigation may provide moderate relief for certain seasonal allergy symptoms. It involves using a saline solution to rinse your nasal passages, helping to flush out pollen, dust, and other irritants. This practice can provide immediate relief from congestion and help prevent allergens from triggering symptoms.

Also Read: Why You Should Avoid Nasal Rinsing With Unsterilised Tap Water

3. Herbal Teas to Calm Inflammation

Certain herbal teas have anti-inflammatory and antihistamine properties, making them a great natural remedy for seasonal allergies. Some of the most effective herbs for allergy relief include:

Peppermint Tea: Peppermint contains menthol, which soothes irritated throats and clears nasal passages.

Chamomile Tea: Chamomile has natural anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce swelling in the nasal passages and throat.

Nettle Tea: Nettle is a natural antihistamine and can reduce inflammation in the body, making it effective in managing allergy symptoms.

Drinking these herbal teas regularly can provide relief from symptoms like nasal congestion, a sore throat, and itchy eyes. Make sure to consult with a healthcare professional before using any new herbs, especially if you are pregnant or on medication.

4. Essential Oils for Allergy Relief

Essential oils are another popular natural remedy for managing seasonal allergies. Many essential oils have anti-inflammatory, decongestant, and antihistamine properties. You can use essential oils in a diffuser, apply them topically (diluted with a carrier oil), or inhale them directly. Here are some of the best essential oils for allergy relief:

Lavender Oil: Known for its calming properties, lavender oil can reduce the inflammatory response caused by allergens and help ease symptoms like sneezing and congestion.

Eucalyptus Oil: Eucalyptus oil is a powerful decongestant and can help open up the airways, making it easier to breathe.

Peppermint Oil: Menthol in peppermint oil can relieve nasal congestion and calm irritated sinuses.

Also Read: Can Allergies Make You More Prone To Common Cold? Expert Insights

5. Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) is another natural remedy that some people use to relieve allergy symptoms. ACV can help regulate the body's pH levels, thin mucus, and support lymphatic detoxification. Drinking a small amount of diluted ACV may help reduce symptoms like congestion, throat irritation, and sinus pressure.

A 2017 study found that adding ACV and probiotics to carp diets (non-vegetarian) boosted protective enzymes and antibodies in their mucus. If similar effects occur in humans, this could help reduce allergy symptoms.

6. Stay Hydrated and Eat a Balanced Diet

Finally, one of the simplest ways to support your body's ability to fight allergies is to stay hydrated and maintain a healthy diet. Drinking plenty of water helps keep the mucus thin and easy to expel while eating a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals supports overall immune function.

Focus on eating foods that are known to boost immune health, such as fruits and vegetables, particularly those high in vitamin C, like citrus fruits, bell peppers, and leafy greens. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish like salmon and walnuts, also help reduce inflammation in the body.

[Disclaimer: This article contains information for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your own professional if you are dealing with any health issues to avoid complications.]

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